M is a diagonal matrix and its diagonal elements are characteristic length_scales for each dimension of the examples. In the following table the inverse of the logarithm of the value learned for each input lenght scale, as well as the logarithm of the remaining hyper-parameters are shown.
| Admission data | length scale | Medication data | length scale | Laboratory data | length scale | Physiological data | length scale | Dynamic data | length scale |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age | -1.0757 | Isosorbidedinitrate (drip) | -0.2553 | Calcium ionized pH 7.4 (BGA) count | -5.0857 | Diastolic arterial blood pressure (variance) | -0.7349 | Systolic pulmonary artery pressure (mean) interval 5 | 0.3288 |
| Pre-admission creatinine | -1.0119 | Norepinephrine (drip) | 0.0271 | Calcium ionized pH 7.4 (BGA) trend | -5.0857 | Systolic pulmonary artery pressure (mean) | -0.5020 | Systolic pulmonary artery pressure (mean) interval 1 | 0.3436 |
| Day of the week | -0.8658 | Total number of medications | 0.3379 | Base excess (BGA) count | -5.0857 | Diastolic pulmonary artery pressure (mean) | -0.4607 | Systolic arterial blood pressure (variance) interval 2 | 0.4641 |
| Pre-admission heart rate | -0.8514 | Total amount of medications | 0.4246 | Base excess (BGA) trend | -5.0857 | Admission hour | -0.3847 | Systolic arterial blood pressure (mean) interval 3 | 0.4862 |
| Hour of admission | -0.8052 | Blood platelets | 0.6027 | SaO2 (BGA) | -0.3600 | Blood loss (chest drain 1) (variance) | -0.2230 | Admisison hour | 0.6219 |
| NYHA Class | -0.6498 | Milrinone (drip) | 0.7042 | Serum creatinin | 0.1312 | Blood loss (chest drain 1) (cumulative) | -0.1358 | SpO2 (mean) interval 4 | 0.9336 |
| Gender | -0.5508 | Dobutamine (drip) | 0.7529 | Lactate (BGA) | 0.2875 | Cardiac output (mean) | -0.1265 | Systolic arterial blood pressure (mean) interval 5 | 1.0075 |
| Number of surgeries combined | -0.3906 | Admission hour | 0.9790 | Potassium (BGA) | 0.2888 | FiO2 (mean) | 0.0526 | Systolic arterial blood pressure (variance) interval 4 | 1.1408 |
| Type of surgery (2) | -0.3830 | Dopamine (drip) | 3.6344 | Blood glucose (BGA) count | 0.3705 | Respiratory rate (mechanical ventilation) (mean) | 0.1092 | ApEn SpO2 | 1.2597 |
| Type of surgery (1) | 1.6466 | Midazolam(drip) | 4.2999 | Lactate (BGA) trend | 0.4182 | Blood temperature (mean) | 0.1425 | SpO2 (mean) interval 3 | 1.2821 |
| Pre-admission FEV1 (%) | 2.5420 | Albumin 5% | 5.1752 | PaCO2 (BGA) count | 0.5342 | Compliance (mean) | 0.1684 | Heart rate (variance) interval 1 | 1.2844 |
| Type of surgery (3) | 2.5969 | Fresh frozen plasma | 5.3716 | Bicarbonate (BGA) | 0.5438 | Systolic arterial blood pressure (variance) | 2.2151 | Systolic pulmonary artery pressure (mean) interval 2 | 1.4162 |
| Type of surgery (4) | 2.7205 | Packed cells | 6.0316 | Calcium ionized (BGA) | 0.6002 | Peak inspiratory pressure (mean) | 2.6043 | Blood temperature (mean) interval 4 | 1.6205 |
| Type of surgery (5) | 2.8476 | Hydroxyethyl starch | 6.0804 | PaCO2 (BGA) trend | 0.6136 | Diastolic pulmonary artery pressure (variance) | 2.6474 | Blood temperature (mean) interval 2 | 2.0478 |
| Pacemaker mode upon admission | 2.9452 | Midazolam (bolus) | 6.0810 | Sodium (BGA) | 0.6614 | Systolic pulmonary artery pressure (variance) | 2.6553 | Blood temperature (mean) interval 5 | 2.4146 |
| Pre-admission VC (L) | 4.2018 | Phenylephrine (bolus) | 7.1277 | Hemoglobin (BGA) trend | 0.7605 | Resistance (mean) | 3.1137 | Systolic arterial blood pressure (variance) interval 3 | 2.6728 |
| Endocarditis y/n | 4.5502 | Cephazolin (bolus) | 7.2478 | Potassium | 0.8369 | SpO2 (mean) | 4.0214 | Systolic pulmonary artery pressure (mean) interval 6 | 2.7096 |
| Redo surgery | 4.6399 | Propofol 2% (drip) | 7.4687 | Prothrombin time (seconds) | 0.8603 | Respiratory rate (mechanical ventilation) (variance) | 4.0326 | Blood temperature (mean) interval 3 | 2.7628 |
| Pre-admission FEV1/VC | 4.9259 | Propofol 1% (drip) | 7.8388 | Blood glucose (BGA) | 0.8882 | Systolic arterial blood pressure (mean) | 4.2609 | Blood temperature (mean) interval 6 | 2.8988 |
| Pre-admission VC (%) | 4.9663 | Glucose (bolus) | 8.2619 | Sodium (BGA) count | 0.9608 | Heart rate (variance) | 4.6232 | SpO2 (mean) interval 5 | 3.1612 |
| Pre-admission diastolic arterial blood pressure | 5.0180 | Sodiumbicarbonate 8,4% | 8.4550 | pH (BGA) | 1.0367 | Heart rate (mean) | 4.9763 | Systolic pulmonary artery pressure (mean) interval 3 | 3.1687 |
| Pre-admission SpO2 (21%) | 5.1687 | Epinephrine (drip) | 8.7756 | Admission hour | 1.0840 | Diastolic arterial blood pressure (mean) | 5.5772 | Systolic pulmonary artery pressure (mean) interval 4 | 3.1808 |
| Pre-admission systolic arterial blood pressure | 5.1909 | Amiodarone (drip) | 8.9064 | Calcium ionized (BGA) trend | 1.0969 | Blood temperature (variance) | 5.7896 | ApEn systolic arterial blood pressure | 3.2736 |
| Pre-admission FEV1 (L) | 5.3797 | Nicardipine (drip) | 8.9191 | Potassium (BGA) trend | 1.1353 | Mean airway pressure (mean) | 6.1808 | Systolic pulmonary artery pressure (variance) interval 2 | 3.3080 |
| Body mass index | 6.3637 | Piritramide (bolus) | 9.8434 | PaO2 (BGA) | 1.3969 | Respiratory minute volume (variance) | 6.4747 | Systolic arterial blood pressure (variance) interval 1 | 3.3162 |
| Diabetes y/n | 9.3246 | Vancomycin (bolus) | 9.9953 | Sodium (BGA) trend | 1.4481 | Respiratory minute volume (mean) | 6.5308 | ApEn heart rate | 3.5901 |
| Estimated blood loss during surgery | 9.7545 | Enoximone (drip) | 10.3338 | Lactate (BGA) count | 1.8215 | PEEP (mean) | 6.5671 | Systolic pulmonary artery pressure (variance) interval 4 | 3.7874 |
| Amiodarone (loading dose) | 10.9024 | pH (BGA) trend | 2.1090 | Cardiac output (variance) | 6.6771 | SpO2 (mean) interval 1 | 4.1149 | ||
| log(σƒ) | 0.4734 | Piritramide (drip) | 10.9493 | Hemoglobin (BGA) count | 2.3393 | Compliance (variance) | 6.7270 | Systolic arterial blood pressure (variance) interval 6 | 4.2682 |
| log(α) | -3.2785 | Insulin (drip) | 10.9668 | Potassium (BGA) count | 2.3713 | Peak inspiratory pressure (variance) | 6.7648 | SpO2 (variance) interval 4 | 4.4599 |
| log(c) | 5.7730 | Glucose 20% | 11.1477 | PaO2 (BGA) count | 2.6164 | Urine output (variance) | 6.7807 | Heart rate (variance) interval 3 | 4.6859 |
| log(σn) | -5.9961 | Furosemide (bolus) | 12.0446 | Bicarbonate (BGA) count | 2.6556 | Tidal Volume (measured) (mean) | 6.8155 | Blood temperature (variance) interval 1 | 4.9131 |
| log(σƒ) | -0.3158 | Hemoglobin (BGA) | 2.6905 | Tidal Volume (set) (variance) | 6.8327 | Heart rate (mean) interval 1 | 4.9434 | ||
| log(α) | 10.6994 | pH (BGA) count | 2.7087 | PEEP (variance) | 6.8503 | SpO2 (variance) interval 6 | 5.2585 | ||
| log(c) | -0.3559 | Calcium ionized (BGA) count | 2.7699 | FiO2 (variance) | 6.8694 | SpO2 (variance) interval 2 | 5.3175 | ||
| log(σn) | -0.2799 | PaCO2 (BGA) | 2.7993 | Mean airway pressure (variance) | 6.8881 | Heart rate (mean) interval 4 | 5.3499 | ||
| Prothrombin time (%) | 2.9087 | Resistance (variance) | 6.9105 | Systolic arterial blood pressure (variance) interval 5 | 5.5409 | ||||
| PaO2 (BGA) trend | 2.9782 | Tidal Volume (measured) (variance) | 6.9978 | Systolic arterial blood pressure (mean) interval 6 | 5.9136 | ||||
| Bicarbonate (BGA) trend | 3.0790 | Tidal Volume (set) (mean) | 7.0066 | SpO2 (variance) interval 5 | 6.3804 | ||||
| Blood glucose (BGA) trend | 3.1673 | Urine output (cumulative) | 7.0389 | SpO2 (variance) interval 1 | 6.4125 | ||||
| Hemoglobin (BGA) | 3.3528 | SpO2 (variance) | 7.1226 | Systolic arterial blood pressure (variance) interval 5 | 6.4694 | ||||
| Systolic arterial blood pressure (mean) interval 4 | 6.4747 | ||||||||
| log(σƒ) | 1.1822 | log(σƒ) | 0.5071 | Systolic arterial blood pressure (mean) interval 1 | 6.5058 | ||||
| log(α) | -3.7090 | log(α) | -2.9620 | Systolic pulmonary artery pressure (variance) interval 6 | 6.5106 | ||||
| log(c) | 2.7372 | log(c) | 3.8215 | Blood temperature (variance) interval 3 | 6.5472 | ||||
| log(σn) | -4.1969 | log(σn) | -3.3015 | SpO2 (mean) interval 6 | 6.5809 | ||||
| Blood temperature (variance) interval 2 | 6.5854 | ||||||||
| Blood temperature (variance) interval 6 | 6.5896 | ||||||||
| Heart rate (mean) interval 6 | 6.6017 | ||||||||
| Heart rate (mean) interval 3 | 6.6173 | ||||||||
| Heart rate (mean) interval 5 | 6.6436 | ||||||||
| Systolic pulmonary artery pressure (variance) interval 3 | 6.6473 | ||||||||
| SpO2 (mean) interval 2 | 6.6751 | ||||||||
| Systolic pulmonary artery pressure (variance) interval 5 | 6.7603 | ||||||||
| Heart rate (variance) interval 6 | 6.8115 | ||||||||
| Heart rate (variance) interval 2 | 6.8142 | ||||||||
| Heart rate (mean) interval 2 | 6.8406 | ||||||||
| Blood temperature (mean) interval 1 | 6.9505 | ||||||||
| Blood temperature (variance) interval 4 | 6.9770 | ||||||||
| Heart rate (variance) interval 4 | 6.9886 | ||||||||
| Heart rate (variance) interval 5 | 6.9913 | ||||||||
| SpO2 (variance) interval 3 | 7.0173 | ||||||||
| Systolic pulmonary artery pressure (variance) interval 1 | 7.0188 | ||||||||
| Systolic arterial blood pressure (mean) interval 2 | 7.0340 | ||||||||
| log(σƒ) | 0.4119 | ||||||||
| log(α) | -2.1189 | ||||||||
| log(c) | 6.5923 | ||||||||
| log(σn) | -0.3841 |
M is a diagonal matrix and its diagonal elements are characteristic length_scales for each dimension of the examples. In the following table the inverse of the logarithm of the value learned for each input lenght scale, as well as the logarithm of the remaining hyper-parameters are shown.
| Admission data | length scale | Medication data | length scale | Laboratory data | length scale | Physiological data | length scale | Dynamic data | length scale |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Type of surgery (3) | -1.2233 | Nicardipine (drip) | -4.0000 | Lactate (BGA) | -0.8894 | SpO2 (variance) | -0.6821 | SpO2 (mean) interval 5 | -0.7457 |
| Number of surgeries combined | -0.5682 | Dopamine (drip) | -3.1549 | Blood glucose (BGA) | -0.7275 | Blood temperature (mean) | -0.5093 | Systolic pulmonary artery pressure (mean) interval 4 | -0.4638 |
| Pre-admission heart rate | -0.5535 | Milrinone (drip) | -2.1805 | Admission hour | -0.5233 | Diastolic pulmonary artery pressure (mean) | -0.4326 | ApEn systolic arterial blood pressure | -0.4281 |
| Age | -0.3239 | Vancomycin (bolus) | -2.0757 | Calcium ionized (BGA) | -0.4925 | Cardiac output (mean) | -0.4291 | Blood temperature (mean) interval 6 | -0.4070 |
| Day of the week | -0.1642 | Midazolam(drip) | -1.7773 | Prothrombin time (seconds) | -0.4191 | Systolic pulmonary artery pressure (mean) | -0.4021 | Systolic arterial blood pressure (variance) interval 4 | -0.2915 |
| Admission hour | -0.1403 | Isosorbidedinitrate (drip) | -1.5952 | PaCO2 (BGA) count | -0.2954 | Systolic arterial blood pressure (variance) | -0.3933 | Systolic pulmonary artery pressure (mean) interval 2 | -0.2708 |
| Type of surgery (1) | -0.1260 | Amiodarone (drip) | -1.5272 | pH (BGA) trend | -0.2545 | Blood loss (chest drain 1) (cumulative) | -0.3417 | Systolic arterial blood pressure (mean) interval 5 | 0.0304 |
| Type of surgery (2) | -0.1240 | Furosemide (bolus) | -1.3675 | Lactate (BGA) count | 0.3963 | Admission hour | -0.2259 | ApEn SpO2 | 0.0735 |
| Pre-admission creatinine | -0.0314 | Epinephrine (drip) | -1.3675 | Blood glucose (BGA) count | 1.2290 | Urine output (variance) | -0.1977 | Heart rate (variance) interval 1 | 0.1407 |
| Pre-admission diastolic arterial blood pressure | 0.1527 | Hydroxyethyl starch | -1.3595 | PaO2 (BGA) count | 1.4853 | FiO2 (mean) | -0.1737 | Systolic arterial blood pressure (variance) interval 2 | 0.2254 |
| Endocarditis y/n | 0.3931 | Packed cells | -0.4610 | Potassium (BGA) count | 1.4916 | Respiratory rate (mechanical ventilation) (mean) | -0.1321 | Systolic arterial blood pressure (variance) interval 3 | 0.3678 |
| Diabetes y/n | 0.4035 | Blood platelets | -0.3513 | Bicarbonate (BGA) count | 1.5030 | Diastolic arterial blood pressure (mean) | 0.0089 | SpO2 (mean) interval 4 | 0.4077 |
| Gender | 0.4993 | Insulin (drip) | -0.3390 | Hemoglobin (BGA) count | 1.5059 | Compliance (mean) | 0.0493 | Systolic pulmonary artery pressure (mean) interval 3 | 1.0701 |
| Redo surgery | 0.7783 | Amiodarone (loading dose) | -0.2343 | pH (BGA) count | 1.5398 | Heart rate (mean) | 0.0812 | Blood temperature (mean) interval 5 | 1.3592 |
| Body mass index | 0.9121 | Dobutamine (drip) | -0.1394 | Sodium (BGA) count | 1.6311 | Blood temperature (variance) | 0.2147 | Systolic pulmonary artery pressure (mean) interval 5 | 1.3962 |
| NYHA Class | 1.0427 | Norepinephrine (drip) | -0.1222 | Calcium ionized (BGA) count | 1.6819 | Blood loss (chest drain 1) (variance) | 0.3736 | Systolic pulmonary artery pressure (mean) interval 6 | 1.4566 |
| Type of surgery (4) | 1.1499 | Fresh frozen plasma | 0.0111 | Hemoglobin (BGA) | 1.7376 | Systolic pulmonary artery pressure (variance) | 0.3880 | SpO2 (mean) interval 3 | 1.5118 |
| Type of surgery (5) | 1.1537 | Glucose 20% | 0.0593 | Sodium | 1.8966 | Peak inspiratory pressure (variance) | 0.3938 | Systolic pulmonary artery pressure (mean) interval 1 | 1.5981 |
| Pre-admission FEV1 (L) | 1.5924 | Admission hour | 0.0699 | Potassium (BGA) | 2.1787 | Diastolic arterial blood pressure (variance) | 1.5540 | Systolic arterial blood pressure (variance) interval 1 | 1.6198 |
| Pre-admission systolic arterial blood pressure | 1.7222 | Sodiumbicarbonate 8,4% | 0.0726 | Bicarbonate (BGA) | 2.7458 | Peak inspiratory pressure (mean) | 1.8030 | Blood temperature (mean) interval 4 | 1.6731 |
| Pacemaker mode upon admission | 1.9870 | Piritramide (drip) | 0.3805 | PaCO2 (BGA) | 2.7658 | Resistance (mean) | 1.8626 | Systolic pulmonary artery pressure (variance) interval 2 | 1.7072 |
| Pre-admission FEV1 (%) | 2.3222 | Enoximone (drip) | 0.5743 | Creatinine | 2.9796 | Respiratory minute volume (mean) | 1.8805 | ApEn heart rate | 1.7669 |
| Pre-admission SpO2 (21%) | 2.3435 | Propofol 1% (drip) | 0.7298 | Sodium (BGA) | 2.9917 | SpO2 (mean) | 1.9307 | Systolic arterial blood pressure (mean) interval 3 | 1.8319 |
| Pre-admission FEV1/VC | 2.3880 | Total number of medications | 0.7573 | Blood glucose (BGA) trend | 3.1415 | PEEP (variance) | 1.9315 | Blood temperature (mean) interval 3 | 1.8496 |
| Pre-admission VC (%) | 2.3997 | Midazolam (bolus) | 0.8021 | PaO2 (BGA) trend | 3.2793 | Respiratory rate (mechanical ventilation) (variance) | 1.9697 | Blood temperature (mean) interval 2 | 1.8710 |
| Estimated blood loss during surgery | 2.5280 | Glucose (bolus) | 1.3091 | PaO2 (BGA) | 3.6558 | Diastolic pulmonary artery pressure (variance) | 1.9741 | SpO2 (variance) interval 4 | 1.9902 |
| Pre-admission VC (L) | 3.1881 | Phenylephrine (bolus) | 2.4320 | Calcium ionized pH 7.4 (BGA) trend | 3.8476 | Systolic arterial blood pressure (mean) | 1.9981 | Blood temperature (variance) interval 4 | 2.0490 |
| Total amount of medications | 2.8128 | Base excess (BGA) trend | 3.8476 | Tidal Volume (measured) | 2.0357 | Systolic pulmonary artery pressure (variance) interval 3 | 2.1325 | ||
| log(σƒ) | 4.3187 | Propofol 2% (drip) | 2.8255 | Calcium ionized pH 7.4 (BGA) count | 3.8476 | Urine output (cumulative) | 2.0540 | Blood temperature (variance) interval 1 | 2.1505 |
| log(α) | -3.2162 | Albumin 5% | 2.8835 | Base excess (BGA) count | 3.8476 | Mean airway pressure (variance) | 2.0823 | Systolic pulmonary artery pressure (variance) interval 4 | 2.3207 |
| Cephazolin (bolus) | 3.2331 | pH (BGA) | 4.7535 | Heart rate (variance) | 2.1001 | Systolic arterial blood pressure (variance) interval 5 | 2.3568 | ||
| Potassium | 5.1811 | Mean airway pressure (mean) | 2.1346 | Heart rate (mean) interval 1 | 2.4243 | ||||
| log(σƒ) | 5.2902 | SaO2 (BGA) | 5.4549 | Respiratory minute volume (variance) | 2.1374 | Heart rate (variance) interval 3 | 2.5493 | ||
| log(α) | -3.6923 | Bicarbonate (BGA) trend | 5.9479 | Tidal Volume (set) (mean) | 2.2062 | Blood temperature (variance) interval 5 | 2.5608 | ||
| Potassium (BGA) trend | 5.9604 | Cardiac output (variance) | 2.2540 | SpO2 (variance) interval 3 | 2.6662 | ||||
| Hemoglobin (BGA) trend | 5.9787 | FiO2 (variance) | 2.3175 | Heart rate (mean) interval 4 | 2.7268 | ||||
| PaCO2 (BGA) trend | 6.0185 | PEEP (mean) | 2.3185 | SpO2 (variance) interval 2 | 4.2526 | ||||
| Sodium (BGA) trend | 6.1660 | Tidal Volume (measured) (variance) | 2.3195 | Heart rate (variance) interval 2 | 4.3930 | ||||
| Lactate (BGA) trend | 6.2742 | Resistance (variance) | 2.3267 | Blood temperature (variance) interval 3 | 4.7086 | ||||
| Calcium ionized (BGA) trend | 6.2969 | Tidal Volume (set) (variance) | 2.3888 | SpO2 (mean) interval 2 | 4.7220 | ||||
| Hemoglobin | 6.4088 | Compliance (variance) | 2.4515 | Blood temperature (variance) interval 2 | 4.7318 | ||||
| SpO2 (variance) interval 5 | 4.7487 | ||||||||
| log(σƒ) | 3.2034 | log(σƒ) | 4.2678 | Systolic arterial blood pressure (mean) interval 1 | 4.8021 | ||||
| log(α) | -2.2215 | log(α) | -3.3342 | Blood temperature (variance) interval 6 | 4.8029 | ||||
| SpO2 (mean) interval 6 | 4.8764 | ||||||||
| SpO2 (variance) interval 6 | 4.9400 | ||||||||
| Systolic pulmonary artery pressure (variance) interval 6 | 4.9665 | ||||||||
| Systolic pulmonary artery pressure (variance) interval 5 | 4.9741 | ||||||||
| Heart rate (mean) interval 5 | 4.9883 | ||||||||
| Systolic arterial blood pressure (mean) interval 4 | 4.9916 | ||||||||
| Heart rate (mean) interval 3 | 4.9998 | ||||||||
| Heart rate (variance) interval 6 | 5.0414 | ||||||||
| Heart rate (mean) interval 2 | 5.0477 | ||||||||
| Systolic arterial blood pressure (mean) interval 2 | 5.0896 | ||||||||
| Heart rate (variance) interval 5 | 5.1292 | ||||||||
| Systolic arterial blood pressure (variance) interval 6 | 5.1403 | ||||||||
| Blood temperature (mean) interval 1 | 5.1454 | ||||||||
| SpO2 (variance) interval 1 | 5.1485 | ||||||||
| SpO2 (mean) interval 1 | 5.1559 | ||||||||
| Heart rate (mean) interval 6 | 5.1637 | ||||||||
| Heart rate (variance) interval 4 | 5.1872 | ||||||||
| Systolic arterial blood pressure (mean) interval 6 | 5.1898 | ||||||||
| Systolic pulmonary artery pressure (variance) interval 1 | 5.4084 | ||||||||
| log(σƒ) | 3.7411 | ||||||||
| log(α) | -2.7891 |