Division of Molecular Medicine
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List of publications of Prof. Myriam Witvrouw

Adams MM, Bats JW, Nikolaus NV, Witvrouw M, Debyser Z, Engels JW.Microwave-assisted synthesis of fluoroquinolones and their nucleosides as inhibitors of HIV integrase. Coll Czech Chem Comm 71 (7): 978-990, 2006. [abstract available on Web of Science] [pdf]

Al-Mawsawi LQ, Dayam R, Taheri L, Witvrouw M, Debyser Z, Neamati N. Discovery of novel non-cytotoxic salicylhydrazide containing HIV-1 integrase inhibitors. Bioorg Med Lett 17(23):6472-6472. [abstract] [pdf]

Al-Mawsawi LQ, Fikkert V, Dayam R, Witvrouw M, Burke TR Jr, Borchers CH, Neamati N (2006). Discovery of a small-molecule HIV-1 integrase inhibitor-binding site. PNAS USA 2006. 27;103(26):10080-5. [abstract] [pdf]

Anastasi C, Vlieghe P, Hantz O, Hantz O, Schorr O, Pannecouque C, Witvrouw M, De Clercq E, Clayette P, Dereuddre-Bosquete N, Dormont D, Gondois-Rey F, Hirsch I, Kraus JL (2003). Are 5 '-O-Carbamate-2 ',3 '-dideoxythiacytidine new anti-HIV and anti-HBV nucleoside drugs or prodrugs?  BIOORGANIC & MEDICINAL CHEMISTRY LETTERS 13 (15): 2459-2463 AUG 4 2003. [abstract] [pdf]

Apers S, Baronikova S, Sindambiwe JB, Witvrouw M, De Clercq E, Vanden Berghe D, Van Marck E, Vlietinck A, Pieters L (2001). Antiviral, haemolytic and molluscicidal activities of triterpenoid saponins from Maesa lanceolata: establishment of structure-activity relationships. Planta Med. 2001 Aug;67(6):528-32. [abstract] [no pdf]

Arranz ME, Diaz JA, Ingate ST, Witvrouw M, Pannecouque C, Balzarini J, De Clercq E, Vega S (1998). Novel 1,1,3-trioxo-2H,4H-thieno[3,4-e][1,2,4]thiadiazine derivatives: as non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors that inhibit human immunodeficiency virus type 1 replication. J. Med. Chem., 41 : 4109-4117. [abstract] [pdf]

Arranz ME, Diaz JA, Ingate ST, Witvrouw M, Pannecouque C, Balzarini J, De Clercq E, Vega S (1999). Synthesis and anti-HIV activity of 1,1,3-trioxo-2H,4H-thieno[3,4-e][1,2,4]thiadiazines (TTDs): a new family of HIV-1 specific non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors. Bioorg Med Chem. 1999 Dec;7(12):2811-22. [abstract] [pdf]

Asres K, Bucar F, Kartnig T, Witvrouw M, Pannecouque C, De Clercq E (2001). Antiviral activity against human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) and type 2 (HIV-2) of ethnobotanically selected Ethiopian medicinal plants. Phytother Res. 2001 Feb;15(1):62-9. [abstract] [pdf]

Balzarini J, Aquaro S, Perno CF, Witvrouw M, Holy A, De Clercq E (1996). Activity of the (R)-enantiomers of 9-(2-phosphonylmethoxypropyl)-adenine ((R)-PMPA) and 9-(2-phosphonylmethoxypropyl)- 2,6-diaminopurine((R)-PMPDAP) against human immuno-deficiency virus in different human cell systems. Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun., 219: 337-341. [abstract] [pdf]

Balzarini J, Kruining J, Wedgwood O, Pannecouque C, Aquaro S, Perno CF, Naesens L, Witvrouw M, Heijtink R, De Clercq E, McGuigan C (1997). Conversion of 2’,3’-dideoxyadenosine (ddA) and 2’,3’-didehydro-2’,3’-dideoxyadenosine (d4A) to their corresponding aryloxyphosphoramidate derivatives markedly potentiates their activity against human immunodeficiency virus and hepatitis B virus. FEBS Letters, 410 : 324-328. [abstract] [pdf]

Balzarini J, Pelemans H, Aquaro S, Perno CF, Witvrouw M, Schols D, De Clercq E, Karlsson A (1996). Highly favorable antiviral activity and resistance profile of the novel thiocarboxanilide pentenyloxy ether derivatives UC-781 and UC-82 as inhibitors of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) replication. Mol. Pharmacol., 50 : 394-401. [abstract] [pdf]

Balzarini J, Vahlenkamp T, Egberink H, Hartmann K, Witvrouw M, Pannecouque C, Casara P, Navé JF, De Clercq E (1997). Antiretroviral activities of acyclic nucleoside phosphonates [9-(2-phosphonylmethoxyethyl)adenine, 9-(2-phosphonylmethoxyethyl) guanine, (R)-9-(2-phosphonylmethoxypropyl)adenine, and MDL 74,968] in cell cultures and murine sarcoma virus-infected newborn NMRI mice. Antimicrob. Agents Chemother., 41, 611-616. [abstract] [pdf]

Barreca ML, Chimirri A, De Luca L, Monforte AM, Monforte P, Rao A, Zappala M, Balzarini J, De Clercq E, Pannecouque C, Witvrouw M (2001). Discovery of 2,3-diaryl-1,3-thiazolidin-4-ones as potent anti-HIV-1 agents. Bioorg Med Chem Lett. 2001 Jul 9;11(13):1793-6. [abstract] [pdf]

Barreca ML, Ferro S, Rao A, De Luca L, Zappala M, Monforte AM, Debyser Z, Witvrouw M, Chimirri A (2005). Pharmacophore-based design of HIV-1 integrase strand-transfer inhibitors. J Med Chem. 2005 Nov 3;48(22):7084-8. [abstract] [pdf]

Barreca ML, Rao A, De Luca L, Zappala M, Gurnari C, Monforte P, De Clercq E, Van Maele B, Debyser Z, Witvrouw M, Briggs JM, Chimirri A (2004). Efficient 3D database screening for novel HIV-1 IN inhibitors. J Chem Inf Comput Sci. 2004 Jul-Aug;44(4):1450-1455. [abstract] [pdf] [supp. info.]

Bârzu T, Level M, Petitou M, Lormeau JC, Choay J, Schols D, Baba M, Pauwels R, Witvrouw M, De Clercq E. Preparation and anti-HIV activity of O-acylated heparin and dermatan sulfate derivatives with low anticoagulant effect. J. Med. Chem., 36 : 3546-3555 (1993). [abstract] [no pdf]

Bellarosa D, Antonelli G, Bambacioni F, Giannotti D, Viti G, Nannicini R, Giachetti A, Dianzani F, Witvrouw M, Pauwels R, Desmyter J, De Clercq E (1996). New arylpyrido diazepine and -thiodiazepine derivatives are potent and highly selective HIV-1 inhibitors targeted at the reverse transcriptase. Antiviral Res., 30 : 109-124 (1996). [abstract] [pdf]

Bergstrom DE, Lin X, Wood TD, Witvrouw M, Ikeda S, Andrei G, Snoeck R, Schols D, De Clercq E (2002). Polysulfonates derived from metal thiolate complexes as inhibitors of HIV-1 and various other enveloped viruses in vitro. Antivir Chem Chemother. 2002 May;13(3):185-95. [abstract] [pdf]

Borges JE, Fernandez F, Garcia X, Hergueta AR, Lopez C, Andrei G, Snoeck R, Witvrouw M, Balzarini J, De Clercq E (1998). Novel carbocyclic nucleosides containing a cyclobutyl ring. Guanosine and adenosine analogues. Nucleosides & Nucleotides, 17 : 1237-1253 . {0.6} [abstract] [pdf]

Bridger GJ, Skerlj RT, Padmanabhan S, Martellucci SA, Henson GW, Abrams MJ, Joao HC, Witvrouw M, De Vreese K, Pauwels R, De Clercq E (1996). Synthesis and structure activity relationships of phenylenebis(methylene) linked bis-tetraazamacrocycles that inhibit HIV replication 2. Effect of heteroaromatic linkers on the activity of bicyclams. J. Med. Chem., 39 : 109-119. [abstract] [pdf]

Bridger GJ, Skerlj RT, Padmanabhan S, Martellucci SA, Henson GW, Struyf S, Witvrouw M, Schols D, De Clercq E (1999). Synthesis and structure-activity relationships of phenylenebis(methylene)-linked bis-azamacrocycles that inhibit HIV-1 and HIV-2 replication by antagonism of the chemokine receptor CXCR4. J Med Chem. 1999 Sep 23;42(19):3971-81. [abstract] [pdf]

Cabrera C, Witvrouw M, Gutierrez A, Clotet B, Kuipers ME, Swart PJ, Meijer DK, Desmyter J, De Clercq E, Este JA (1999). Resistance of the human immunodeficiency virus to the inhibitory action of negatively charged albumins on virus binding to CD4. AIDS Res Hum Retroviruses. 1999 Nov 20;15(17):1535-43. [abstract] [pdf]

Casimiro-Garcia A, De Clercq E, Pannecouque C, Witvrouw M, Loftus TL, Turpin JA, Buckheit RW Jr, Fanwick PE, Cushman M (2001). Synthesis and anti-HIV activity of cosalane analogues incorporating two dichlorodisalicylmethane pharmacophore fragments. Bioorg Med Chem. 2001 Nov;9(11):2827-41. [abstract] [pdf]

Casimiro-Garcia A, De Clercq E, Pannecouque C, Witvrouw M, Stup TL, Turpin JA, Buckheit RW Jr, Cushman M. Synthesis and anti-HIV activity of cosalane analogues incorporating nitrogen in the linker chain (2000). Bioorg Med Chem. 2000 Jan;8(1):191-200. [abstract] [pdf]

Chaouni-Benabdallah A, Galtier C, Allouchi H, Kherbeche A, Debouzy JC, Teulade JC, Chavignon O, Witvrouw M, Pannecouque C, Balzarini J, de Clercq E, Enguehard C, Gueiffier A (2001). Synthesis of 3-nitrosoimidazo[1,2-a]pyridine derivatives as potential antiretroviral agents. Arch Pharm (Weinheim). 334(7):224-8. [abstract] [pdf]

Chimirri A, Grasso S, Molica C, Monforte AM, Monforte P, Zappala M, Bruno G, Nicolo F, Witvrouw M, Jonckheere H, Balzarini J, De Clercq E (1997). Structural features and anti-HIV activity of the isomers of 1-(2’,6’-difluorophenyl)-1H,3H-thiazolo[3,4-a]benzimidazole, a potent non-nucleoside HIV-1 reverse transcriptase inhibitor. Antiviral. Chem. Chemother., 8 : 363-370. [no abstract] [pdf]

Chimirri A, Grasso S, Monforte AM, Monforte P, Rao A, Zappala M, Bruno G, Scopelliti R, Pannecouque C, Witvrouw M, De Clercq E (1998). Synthesis, structure and in vitro anti-HIV activity of novel 3-methyl-1H,3H-thiazolo[3,4-a]benzimidazoles. Antiviral Chem. Chemother., 9 : 431-438. [abstract] [no pdf]

Chimirri A, Grasso S, Monforte P, Rao A, Zappala M, Monforte AM, Pannecouque C, Witvrouw M, Balzarini J, De Clercq E (1999). Synthesis and biological activity of novel 1H,3H-thiazolo[3,4-a]benzimidazoles: non-nucleoside human immunodeficiency virus type 1 reverse transcriptase inhibitors. Antivir Chem Chemother. 1999 Jul;10(4):211-7. [abstract] [pdf]

Chimirri A, Monforte P, Rao A, Zappala M, Monforte AM, De Sarro G, Pannecouque C, Witvrouw M, Balzarini J, De Clercq E (2001). Synthesis, biological activity, pharmakinetic properties and molecular modelling of novel 1H,3H-oxazolo[3,4-a]benzimidazoles: non-nucleoside HIV-1 reverse transcriptase inhinitors. Antiviral Chem. Chemotherapy. 2001 12:169-174. [no abstract] [pdf]

Cos P, Hermans N, De Bruyne T, Apers S, Sindambiwe JB, Witvrouw M, De Clercq E, Berghe DV, Pieters L, Vlietinck AJ (2002). Antiviral activity of Rwandan medicainal plants against human immounodeficiency virus type-1 (HIV-1). Phytomedicine, 9(1): 62-68. [abstract] [pdf]

Cushman M, Insaf S, Paul G, Ruell JA, De Clercq E, Schols D, Pannecouque C, Witvrouw M, Schaeffer CA, Turpin JA, Williamson K, Rice WG (1999). Extension of the polyanionic cosalane pharmacophore as a strategy for increasing anti-HIV potency. J Med Chem. 1999 May 20;42(10):1767-77. [abstract] [pdf]

Cushman M, Wang P, Reymen D, Esté J, Witvrouw M, Neyts J, De Clercq E (1995). Anti-HIV and anti-HCMV activities of new aurintricarboxylic acid analogues. Antiviral Chem. Chemother., 6 : 179-186. [abstract on Web of Science] [pdf]

Daelemans D, Esté JA, Witvrouw M, Pannecouque C, Jonckheere H, Perno CF, De Clercq E, Vandamme AM (1997). S-adenosylhomocysteine hydrolase inhibitors interfere with the replication of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 through inhibition of Tat transactivation. Mol. Pharmacol., 52 : 1157-1163 (1997). [abstract] [pdf]

Daelemans D, Schols D, Witvrouw M, Pannecouque C, Hatse S, van Dooren S, Hamy F, Klimkait T, de Clercq E, VanDamme AM (2000). A second target for the peptoid Tat/transactivation response element inhibitor CGP64222: inhibition of human immunodeficiency virus replication by blocking CXC-chemokine receptor 4-mediated virus entry. Mol Pharmacol. 2000 Jan;57(1):116-24. [abstract] [pdf]

Damonte E, Neyts J, Pujol CA, Snoeck R, Andrei G, Ikeda S, Witvrouw M, Reymen D, Haines H, Matulewicz MC, Cerezo A, Coto CE, De Clercq E. Antiviral activity of a sulfated polysaccharide from the red seaweed Nothogenia fastigiata. Biochem. Pharmacol., 47 : 2187-2192 (1994). [abstract] [no pdf]

Dayam R, Al-Mawsawi LQ, Zawahir Z, Witvrouw M, Debyser Z, Neamati N. Quinolone 3-carboxylic acid pharmacophore: design of second generation HIV-1 integrase inhibitors. J Med Chem 51(5):1136-44. [abstract] [no pdf]

De Bruyne T, Pieters L, Witvrouw M, De Clercq E, Vanden Berghe D, Vlietinck AJ (1999). Biological evaluation of proanthocyanidin dimers and related polyphenols. J Nat Prod. 1999 Jul;62(7):954-8. [abstract] [no pdf]

De Clercq E, Yamamoto N, Pauwels R, Balzarini J, Witvrouw M, De Vreese K, Debyser Z, Rosenwirth B, Datema R, Thornton D, Skerlj R, Bridger G, Henson G, Abrams M. Highly potent and selective inhibition of human immunodeficiency virus by the bicyclam derivative JM3100. Antimicrob. Agents Chemother., 38, 668-674 (1994). [abstract] [pdf]

De Luca L, Barreca ML, Ferro S, Iraci N, Michiels M, Christ F, Debyser Z, Witvrouw M, Chimirri A. A refined pharmacophore model for HIV-1 integrase inhibitors: Optimization of potency in the 1H-benzylindole series. Bioorg Med Chem Lett. 18(9):2891-5. [abstract] [pdf]

Debyser Z, Cherepanov P, Van Maele B, De Clercq E, Witvrouw M (2002). In search of authentic inhibitors of HIV-1 integration. Antivir. Chem. Chemother. 13, 1-15. [abstract] [pdf]

Dubois M, Bailly F, Mbemba G, Mouscadet JF, Debyser Z, Witvrouw M, Cotelle P. Reaction of Rosmarinic Acid with Nitrite Ions in Acidic Conditions: Discovery of Nitro- and Dinitrorosmarinic Acids as New Anti-HIV-1 Agents. J Med Chem 51(8):2575-9. [abstract] [no pdf]

Emiliani S, Mousnier A, Busschots K, Maroun M, Van Maele B, Tempe D, Vandekerckhove L, Moisant F, Ben-Slama L, Witvrouw M, Christ F, Rain JC, Dargemont C, Debyser Z, Benarous R (2005). Integrase mutants defective for interaction with LEDGF/p75 are impaired in chromosome tethering and HIV-1 replication. J Biol Chem. 2005 Jul 8;280(27):25517-23. [abstract] [pdf]

Esquieu D, Peloponese JM, Opi S, Gregoire C, de Mareuil J, Watkins J, Campbell G, Dunot JP, Sturgis J, Witvrouw M, Pannecouque C, de Clercq E, Montembault M, Giang VT, Villieras M, Fargeas V, Lebreton J, Loret EP (2003). Discovery of a Tat HIV-1 inhibitor through computer-aided drug design. SPECTROSCOPY-AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL 17 (4): 639-645 2003. [no abstract, available on web of science] [no pdf]

Esté JA, Cabrera C, Schols D, Cherepanov P, Gutierrez A, Witvrouw M, Pannecouque C, Debyser Z, Rando RF, Clotet B, Desmyter J, De Clercq E. Human immunodeficiency virus glycoprotein gp120 as the primary target for the antiviral action of AR177 (zintevir). Mol. Pharmacol., 53, 340-345. {4.9} [abstract] [pdf]

Esté JA, De Vreese K, Witvrouw M, Schmit JC, Vandamme AM, Anné J, Desmyter J, Henson G, Bridger G, De Clercq E (1996). Antiviral activity of the bicyclam derivative SID791 (JM3100) against drug-resistant strains of human immunodeficiency virus type 1. Antiviral Res., 29 : 297-307. [abstract] [no pdf]

Esté J, Witvrouw, M, Tu J, Desmyter J, De Clercq E, Vandamme AM (1995). Inhibition of HIV-1 Tat mediated transactivation by oncostatin M in HL-tat cells. AIDS Res. Hum. Retroviruses, 11 : 1355-1358 (1995). [abstract] [no pdf]

Ferro S, Barreca ML, De Luca L, Rao A, Monforte AM, Debyser Z, Witvrouw M, Chimirri A. New 4-[(1-benzyl-1H-indol-3-yl)carbonyl]-3-hydroxyfuran-2(5H)-ones, beta-diketo acid analogs as HIV-1 integrase inhibitors. Arch Pharm (Weinheim) 340(6):292-8. [abstract] [pdf]

Fikkert V, Cherepanov P, Van Laethem K, Hantson A, Van Remoortel B, Pannecouque C, De Clercq E, Debyser Z, Vandamme AM, Witvrouw M (2002). env chimeric virus technology for evaluating human immunodeficiency virus susceptibility to entry inhibitors. Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. 46, 3954-3962 (2002). [abstract] [ pdf]

Fikkert V, Hombrouck A, Van Remoortel B, De Maeyer M, Pannecouque C, De Clercq E, Debyser Z, Witvrouw M (2004). Multiple mutations in human immunodeficiency virus-1 integrase confer resistance to the clinical trial drug S-1360. AIDS. 2004 Oct 21;18(15):2019-2028. [abstract] [pdf]

Fikkert V, Van Maele B, Vercammen J, Hantson A, Van Remoortel B, Michiels M, Gurnari C, Pannecouque C, De Maeyer M , Engelborghs Y, De Clercq E, Debyser Z, Witvrouw M. Development of resistance against diketo derivatives of human immunodeficiency virus-1 by progressive accumulation of mutations in integrase. J Virology 77(21):11459-70. [abstract] [pdf]

Fytas G, Stamatiou G, Foscolos GB, Kolocouris A, Kolocouris N, Witvrouw M, Pannecouque C, De Clercq E (1997). Synthesis and anti-HIV activity of some new aminoadamantane heterocycles. Bioorg.Med. Chem. Letters, 7 : 1887-1890. [abstract] [pdf]

Galtier C, Mavel S, Snoeck R, Andrei G, Pannecouque C, Witvrouw M, Balzarini J, De Clercq E, Gueiffier A (2003). Synthesis and antiviral activities of 3-aralkylthiomethylimidazo[1,2-b]pyridazine derivatives. Antivir Chem Chemother. 2003 Jul;14(4):177-82. [abstract] [no pdf]

Goebel FD, Hemmer R, Schmit JC, Bogner JR, de Clercq E, Witvrouw M, Pannecouque C, Valeyev R, Vandevelde M, Margery H, Tassignon JP (2001). Phase I/II dose escalation and randomized withdrawal study with add-on azodicarbonamide in patients failing on current antiretroviral therapy. AIDS. 2001 Jan 5;15(1):33-45. [abstract] [pdf]

Groziak MP, Lin R, Stevens WC, Wotring LL, Balzarini J, Witvrouw M, De Clercq E (1996). Definitive solution structures for the 6-formylated versions of 1-beta-D-ribofuranosyl-,1-(2’-deoxy beta-D-ribofuranosyl)-, and 1-beta-D-arabinofurano
syluracil. Nucleosides & Nucleotides, 15 : 1041-1057 (1996). [abstract on Web of Science] [no pdf]

Gueiffier A, Lhassani M, Elhakmaoui A, Snoeck R, Andrei G, Chavignon O, Teulade JC, Kerbal A, Essassi EM, Debouzy JC, Witvrouw M, Blache Y, Balzarini J, De Clercq E, Chapat JP (1996). Synthesis of acyclo-C-nucleosides in the imidazo[1,2-a]pyridine and pyrimidine series as antiviral agents. J. Med. Chem., 39 : 2856-2859. [abstract] [pdf]

Gueiffier A, Mavel S, Lhassani M, Elhakmaoui A, Snoeck R, Andrei G, Chavignon O, Teulade JC, Witvrouw M, Balzarini J, De Clercq E, Chapat JP (1998). Synthesis of imidazo[1,2-a]pyridines as antiviral agents. J. Med. Chem., 41 : 5108-5112. [abstract] [no pdf]

Hantson A, Fikkert V, Van Remoortel B, Pannecouque C, Cherepanov P, Matthews B, Holan G , De Clercq E , Vandamme AM , Debyser Z , Witvrouw M (2005). Mutations in both env and gag genes are required for HIV-1 resistance to the polysulfonic dendrimer SPL2923, as corroborated by chimeric virus technology. Antivir Chem Chemother. 2005;16(4):253-66. [abstract] [pdf]

Hombrouck A, De Rijck J, Hendrix J, Vandekerckhove L, Voet A, De Maeyer M, Witvrouw M, Engelborghs Y, Christ F, Gijsbers R, Debyser Z (2007). Virus Evolution Reveals an Exclusive Role for LEDGF/p75 in Chromosomal Tethering of HIV. PLoS Pathog 3(3): e47. [abstract] [free full text]

Hombrouck A, Hantson A, van Remoortel B, Michiels M, Vercammen J, Rhodes D, Tetz V, Engelborghs Y, Christ F, Debyser Z, Witvrouw M (2007). Selection of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 resistance against the pyranodipyrimidine V-165 points to a multimodal mechanism of action. J Antimicrob Chemother 59(6):1084-95. [abstract] [pdf]

Hombrouck A, Van Remoortel B, Michiels M, Noppe W, Christ F, Eneroth A, Sahlberg BL, Benkestock K, Vrang L, Johansson NG, Barreca ML, De Luca L, Ferro S, Chimirri A, Debyser Z, Witvrouw M. Preclinical Evaluation of 1H-Benzylindole Derivatives as Novel Human Immunodeficiency Virus Integrase Stran Transfer Inhibitors. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 52(8). [abstract] [pdf]

Hombrouck A, Voet A, Van Remoortel B, Desadeleer C, De Maeyer M, Debyser Z, Witvrouw M. Mutations in HIV-1 Integrase Confer Resistance to the Naphthyridine L-870,810 and Cross Resistance to the Clinical Trial drug GS-9137. Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 2008 Mar 31 [Epub ahead of print] [abstract] [pdf]

Ingate ST, Marco JL, Witvrouw M, Pannecouque C, De Clercq E (1997). Studies into the synthesis of derivatives of 4-amino-2,3-dihydroisothiazole 1,1-dioxides and 4-amino-1,2-oxathiole 2,2-dioxides: The search for linked π-system containing analogues as potential inhibitors of HIV-1 reverse transcriptase.
Tetrahedron, 53 : 17795-17814. [abstract] [pdf]

Jonckheere H, Witvrouw M, De Clercq E, Anné J (1998). Lamivudine resistance of HIV type 1 does not delay development of resistance to nonnucleoside HIV type 1-specific reverse transcriptase inhibitors as compared with wild-type HIV type 1. AIDS Res. Hum. Retroviruses, 14 : 249-253. [abstract] [no pdf]

Kannan A, De Clercq E, Pannecouque C, Witvrouw M, Hartman TL, Turpin JA, Buckheit RW, Cushman M (2001). Synthesis and anti-HIV activity of a bile acid analog of cosalane Tetrahedron 57 (46): 9385-9391. [abstract] [pdf]

Kavimani S, Jaykar B, De Clercq E, Pannecoucque C, Witvrouw M (2000). Studies on anti-HIV activity of Indigofera tinctoria. Hamdard XLII:5-7. [no abstract] [pdf]

Kolocouris A, Dimas K, Pannecouque C, Witvrouw M, Foscolos GB, Stamatiou G, Fytas G, Zoidis G, Kolocouris N, Andrei G, Snoeck R, De Clercq E (2002). New 2-(1-adamantylcarbonyl)pyridine and 1-acetyladamantane thiosemicarbazones-thiocarbonohydrazones: cell growth inhibitory, antiviral and antimicrobial activity evaluation. Bioorg Med Chem Lett. 2002 Mar 11;12(5):723-7. [abstract] [pdf]

Kren V, Olsovsky P, Havlicek V, Sedmera P, Witvrouw M, De Clercq E (1997). Synthesis and biological activity of N-deoxyribosides of ergot alkaloides. Tetrahedron, 53 : 4503-4510 (1997). [abstract] [pdf]

Kren V, Piskala A, Sedmera P, Havlicek V, Prikrylova V, Witvrouw M, De Clercq E. Synthesis and antiviral evaluation of N-b-D-ribosides of ergot alkaloids. Nucleosides & Nucleotides, 16 : 97-106 (1997). [no abstract - available on Web of Science] [pdf]

Kritsanida M, Mouroutsou A, Marakos P, Pouli N, Papakonstantinou-Garoufalias S, Pannecouque C, Witvrouw M, De Clercq E (2002). Synthesis and antiviral activity evaluation of some new 6-substituted 3-(1-adamantyl)-1,2,4-triazolo[3,4-b][1,3,4]thiadiazoles  FARMACO 57 (3): 253-257. [abstract] [pdf]

Kuipers ME, Swart PJ, Witvrouw M, Este JA, Reymen D, De Clercq E, Meijer DK (1999). Anti-HIV-1 activity of combinations and covalent conjugates of negatively charged human serum albumins (NCAs) and AZT. J Drug Target. 1999;6(5):323-35. [abstract] [pdf]

Lagoja IM, Pannecouque C, Van Aerschot A, Witvrouw M, Debyser Z, Balzarini J, Herdewijn P, De Clercq E (2003). N-aminoimidazole derivatives inhibiting retroviral replication via a yet unidentified mode of action. J Med Chem, 46(8): 1546-1553. [abstract] [no pdf]

Lazrek HB, Rochdi A, Khaider H, Barascut JL, Imbach JL, Balzarini J, Witvrouw M, De Clercq E (1998). Synthesis of (Z) and (E) a-alkenyl phosphonic acid derivatives of purines and pyrimidines. Tetrahedron, 54 : 3807-3816. [no abstract] [pdf]

Lazrek HB, Taourirte M, Oulih T, Barascut JL, Imbach JL, Pannecouque C, Witrouw M, De Clercq E. Synthesis and anti-HIV activity of new modified 1,2,3-triazole acyclonucleosides. Nucleosides Nucleotides Nucleic Acids. 2001 Dec;20(12):1949-60. [abstract] [pdf]

Leydet A, Barragan V, Boyer B, Lamaty G, Roque J P, Witvrouw M, Este J, Snoeck R, Andrei G, De Clercq E (1997). Polyanion inhibitors of human immunodeficiency virus and other viruses. Part V. Telomerized anionic surfactants derived from amino acids. J. Med. Chem., 40 : 342-349 (1997). [abstract] [no pdf]

Leydet A, Barthélémy P, Boyer B, Lamaty G, Roque JP, Witvrouw M, De Clercq E (1996). Polyanion inhibitors of human immunodeficiency virus. Part IV.-Polymerized anionic surfactants : influence of the density and distribution of anionic groups on the antiviral activity. Bioorg. Med.Chem. Letters, 6 : 397-402. [abstract on Web of Science] [no pdf]

Leydet A, El Hachemi H, Boyer B, Lamaty G, Roque JP, Schols D, Snoeck R, Andrei G, Ikeda S, Neyts J, Reymen D, Este J, Witvrouw M, De Clercq E (1996). Polyanion inhibitors of human immunodeficiency virus and other viruses. Part II. Polymerized anionic surfactants derived from amino acids and dipeptides. J. Med. Chem., 39 : 1626-1634. [abstract] [no pdf]

Leydet A, Jeantet-Segonds C, Bouchité C, Moullet C, Boyer B, Roque JP, Witvrouw M, Esté J, Snoeck R, Andrei G, De Clercq E (1997). Polyanion inhibitors of human immunodeficiency virus and other virusus. Part VI.-Micelle-like anti-HIV polyanionic compounds based on a carbohydrate core. J Med Chem, 40 : 350-356 (1997). [abstract] [no pdf]

Leydet A, Moullet C, Roque JP, Witvrouw M, Pannecouque C, Andrei G, Snoeck R, Neyts J, Schols D, De Clercq E (1998). Polyanion inhibitors of human immunodeficiency virus and others viruses. Part VII. Polyanionic compounds and polyzwitterrionic compounds derived from cyclodextrins as inhibitors of HIV transmission. J. Med. Chem., 41 : 4927-4932. [abstract] [no pdf]

Lin Y, Liu X, Yan R, Li J, Pannecouque C, Witvrouw M, De Clercq E. Synthesis and anti-HIV evaluation of novel 1,3-disubstituted thieno[3,2-c][1,2,6]thiadiazin-4(3H)-one 2,2-dioxides(TTDDs). Bioorg Med Chem. 16(1):157-63 [abstract] [pdf]

Lin Z, Neamati N, Zhao H, Kiryu Y, Turpin JA, Aberham C, Strebel K, Kohn K, Witvrouw M, Pannecouque C, Debyser Z, De Clercq E, Rice WG, Pommier Y, Burke TR (1999). Chicoric acid analogues as HIV-1 integrase inhibitors. J. Medicinal Chemistry 42, 1404-1414. [abstract] [pdf]

Locher CP, Witvrouw M, de Béthune MP, Burch MT, Mower HF, Davis H, Lasure A, Pauwels R, De Clercq E, Vlietinck AJ (1996). Antiviral activity of Hawaiian medicinal plants against human immunodeficiency virus type-1 (HIV-1). J. Phytomedicine, 2: 259-264 (1996). [abstract on Web of Science] [pdf]

Martinez A, Gil C, Castro A, Perez C, Witvrouw M, Pannecouque C, Balzarini J, De Clercq E (2001). Anti-HIV-1 activity of benzothiadiazine dioxide. Antivir Chem Chemother. 2001 Nov;12(6):347-51. [abstract] [pdf]

Maruyama T , Demizu Y, Kozai S, Witvrouw M, Pannecouque C, Balzarini J, Snoecks R, Andrei G, De Clercq E. Antiviral activity of 3-(3,5-dimethylbenzyl)uracil derivatives against HIV-1 and HCMV. Nucleosides Nucleotides Nucleic Acids 26(10-12):1553-8. [abstract] [no pdf]

Maruyama T, Kozai S, Demizu Y, Witvrouw M, Pannecouque C, Balzarini J, Snoecks R, Andrei G, De Clercq E. Synthesis and anti-HIV-1 and anti-HCMV activity of 1-substituted 3-(3,5-dimethylbenzyl)uracil derivatives. Chem Pharm Bull (Tokyo). 2006 Mar;54(3):325-33. [abstract] [pdf]

Maruyama T, Kozai S, Demizu Y, Witvrouw M, Pannecouque C, Balzarini J, Snoecks R, Andrei G, De Clercq E. Synthesis and antiviral activity of 1-substituted 3-(3,5-dimethylbenzyl)uracil against HIV-1. Nucleic Acids Symp Ser (Oxf). 2004;(48):3-4. [abstract] [pdf]

Maruyama T, Kozai S, Yamasaki T, Witvrouw M, Pannecouque C, Balzarini J, Snoeck R, Andrei G, De Clercq E (2003). Synthesis and antiviral activity of 1,3-disubstituted uracils against HIV-1 and HCMV. Antivir Chem Chemother 14(5):271-9. [abstract] [no pdf]

Maruyama T, Sato Y, Oto Y, Takahashi Y, Snoeck R, Andrei G, Witvrouw M, De Clercq E (1996). Synthesis and antiviral activity of 6-chloropurine arabinoside and its 2'-deoxy-2'-fluoro derivative. Chem Pharm Bull (Tokyo). 1996 Dec;44(12):2331-4. [abstract] [no pdf]

Mishra V, Pandeya SN, De Clercq E, Pannecouque C, Witvrouw M (1998). Synthesis of aryl semicarbazone of 4-aminoacetophenone and their anti-HIV activity. Pharm. Acta. Helv., 73 : 215-218. [abstract] [no pdf]

Mishra V, Pandeya SN, Pannecouque C, Witvrouw M, De Clercq E (2002). Anti-HIV activity of thiosemicarbazone and semicarbazone derivatives of (+/-)-3-menthone. Arch Pharm (Weinheim). 2002 May;335(5):183-6. [abstract] [pdf]

Moncunill G, Negredo E, Bosch L, Vilarrasa J, Witvrouw M, Llano A, Clotet B, Este JA (2005). Evaluation of the anti-HIV activity of statins. AIDS. 2005 Oct 14;19(15):1697-700. [abstract] [pdf]

Moukha-chafiq O, Taha ML, Lazrek HB, Vasseur JJ, Pannecouque C, Witvrouw M, De Clercq E (2002). Synthesis and biological activity of some 4-substituted 1-[1-(2,3-dihydroxy-1-propoxy)methyl-1,2,3-triazol-(4&5)-ylmethyl]-1H-pyrazolo[3,4-d]pyrimidines 
FARMACO 57 (1): 27-32. [abstract] [pdf]

Moukha-chafiq O, Taha ML, Lazrek HB, Pannecouque C, Witvrouw M, De Clercq E, Barascut JL, Imbach JL (2001). Synthesis and biological activity of 4-substituted 1-[1-(2-hydroxyethoxy)-methyl-1,2,3-triazol-(4 & 5)-ylmethyl]-1H-pyrazolo[3,4-d]pyrimidines. Nucleosides Nucleotides Nucleic Acids. 2001 Oct-Nov;20(10-11):1797-810. [abstract] [pdf]

Moukha-chafiq O, Taha ML, Lazrek HB, Vasseur JJ, Pannecouque C, Witvrouw M, De Clercq E (2001). Synthesis and biological evaluation of some 4-substituted 1-[1-(4-hydroxybutyl)-1,2,3-triazol-(4 &5)-ylmethyl]-1H-pyrazolo- 13,4-dipyrimidines.
Nucleosides Nucleotides Nucleic Acids. 2001 Oct-Nov;20(10-11):1811-821. [abstract] [no pdf]

Mugnaini C, Rajamaki S, Tintori C, Corelli F, Massa S, Witvrouw M, Debyser Z, Veljkovic V, Botta M. Toward novel HIV-1 integrase binding inhibitors: Molecular modeling, synthesis, and biological studies. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 17(19):5370-3. [abstract] [pdf]

Neyts J, Reymen D, Letourneur D, Jozefonvicz J, Este J, Andrei G, McKenna P, Witvrouw M, Ikeda S, Clement J, De Clercq E (1995). Differential activity of derivatized dextrans. Biochem. Pharmacol., 50 : 743-751. [abstract] [pdf]

Niyonzima G, Laekeman G, Witvrouw M, Van Poel B, Pieters L, Paper D, De Clercq E, Franz G, Vlietinck AJ (1999). Hypoglycemic, anticomplement and anti-HIV activities of Spathodea campanulata stem bark. Phytomedicine. 1999 Mar;6(1):45-9. [abstract]
[no pdf]

Otake T, Schols D, Witvrouw M, Neasens L, Nakashima H, Moriya T, Kurita H, Matsumoto K, Ueba N, De Clercq E (1994). Modified Cyclodextrion sulfates (MCDS11) have potent inhibitory activity against HIV and high oral bioavailability. Antiviral Chem. Chemother., 5 : 155-161. [abstract on Web of Science] [no pdf]

Pandeya SN, Sriram D, De Clercq E, Pannecouque C Witvrouw M (1998). Anti-HIV activity of some mannich bases of isatin derivatives. Indian J. Pharm. Sci., 60 : 207-212. [no Pubmed] [no pdf]

Pandeya SN, Yogeeswari P, Sriram D, de Clercq E, Pannecouque C, Witvrouw M (1999). Synthesis and screening for anti-HIV activity of some N-Mannich bases of isatin derivatives. Chemotherapy. 1999 May-Jun;45(3):192-6. [abstract] [pdf]

Pannecouque C, Pluymers W, Van Maele B, Tetz V, Cherepanov P, De Clercq E, Witvrouw M, Debyser Z (2002). New class of HIV integrase inhibitors that block viral replication in cell culture. Current Biology. 12, 1169-1177. [abstract] [pdf]

Paul GC, De Clercq E, Pannecouque C, Witvrouw M, Loftus TL, Turpin JA, Buckheit RW Jr, Cushman M (2000). Identification of optimal anion spacing for anti-HIV activity in a series of cosalane tetracarboxylates. Bioorg Med Chem Lett. 2000 Sep 18;10(18):2149-52. [abstract] [pdf]

Péloponèse JM Jr, Grégoire C, Opi S, Esquieu D, Sturgis J, Lebrun E, Meurs E, Collette Y, Olive D, Aubertin AM, Witvrouw M, Pannecouque C, De Clercq E, Bailly C, Lebreton J, Loret EP.1H-13C nuclear magnetic resonance assignment and structural characterization of HIV-1 Tat protein. C R Acad Sci III. 2000 Oct;323(10):883-94. [abstract] [pdf]

Peters M, Witvrouw M, De Clercq E, Ruf B. Pharmacokinetics of intravenous pentosan polysulphate (HOE/BAY 946) in HIV positive patients. AIDS 5: 1534-1535 (1991). [no abstract] [pdf]

Pluymers W, Neamati N, Pannecouque C, Fikkert V, Marchand C, Burke TR Jr, Pommier Y, Schols D, De Clercq E, Debyser Z, Witvrouw M (2000). Viral entry as the primary target for the anti-HIV activity of chicoric acid and its tetra-acetyl esters. Mol Pharmacol. 2000 Sep;58(3):641-8. [abstract] [pdf]

Pluymers W, Pais G, Van Maele B, Pannecouque C, Fikkert V, Burke TR, De Clercq E, Witvrouw M, Neamati N, Debyser Z (2002). Inhibition of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 integration by diketo derivatives. Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. 46, 3292-3297. [abstract] [pdf]

Queffélec C , Bailly F, Mbemba G, Mouscadet JF, Debyser Z, Witvrouw M, Cotelle P. The total synthesis of fukiic acid, an HIV-1 integrase inhibitor. Eur J Med Chem. 2007 Dec 27 [Epub ahead of print]. [abstract] [pdf]

Redwane N, Lazrek HB, Barascut JL, Imbach JL, Balzarini J, Witvrouw M, De Clercq E (2001). Synthesis and biological activities of (Z) and (E) alpha-ethenyl acyclonucleosides. Nucleosides Nucleotides Nucleic Acids. 2001 Aug;20(8):1439-47. [abstract] [pdf]

Reymen D, Witvrouw M, Esté JA, Neyts J, Cushman M, De Clercq E. Mechanism of the antiviral activity of new aurintricarboxylic acid analogues. Antiviral Chem. Chemother., 7 : 142-152 (1996). [abstract on Web of Science] [no pdf]

Ruell JA, De Clercq E, Pannecouque C, Witvrouw M, Stup TL, Turpin JA, Buckheit RW Jr, Cushman M (1999). Synthesis and anti-HIV activity of cosalane analogues with substituted benzoic acid rings attached to the pharmacophore through methlylene amide linkers. J Org Chem 1999, 64, 5858-5866. [no abstract] [pdf]

Salido S, Altarejos J, Nogueras M, Sanchez A, Pannecouque C, Witvrouw M, De Clercq E (2002). CHemical studies of essential oils of Juniperus oxycedrus ssp badia. J Ethnopharmacology 81 (1): 129-134. [abstract] [pdf]

Santhosh KC, De Clercq E, Pannecouque C, Witvrouw M, Loftus TL, Turpin JA, Buckheit RW, Cushman M (2000). Anti-HIV activity of a series of cosalane amino acid conjugates. Bioorg Med Chem Lett. 2000 Nov 20;10(22):2505-8. [abstract] [pdf]

Santhosh KC, Paul GC, De Clercq E, Pannecouque C, Witvrouw M, Loftus TL, Turpin JA, Buckheit RW Jr, Cushman M (2001). Correlation of anti-HIV activity with anion spacing in a series of cosalane analogues with extended polycarboxylate pharmacophores. J Med Chem. 2001 Mar 1;44(5):703-14. [abstract] [pdf]

Schmit JC, Cogniaux J,Hermans P, Van Vaeck C, Sprecher S, Van Remoortel B, Witvrouw M, Balzarini J, Desmyter J, De Clercq E, Vandamme AM (1996). Multiple drug resistance to nucleoside analogues and non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors in an efficiently replicating HIV-1 patient strain. J Infect Dis, 174:962-968. [abstract] [no pdf]

Schmit JC, Martinez-Picado J, Ruiz L, Tural C, Van Laethem K, Cabrera C, Ibanez A, Puig T, Witvrouw M, De Clercq E, Clotet B, Vandamme AM (1998). Evolution of HIV drug resistance in zidovudine/zalcitabine - and zidovudine/didanosine - experienced patients receiving lamivudine - containing combination therapy. Antiviral Therapy, 3 : 81-88. [no abstract] [no pdf]

Schmit JC, Van Laethem K, Ruiz L, Hermans P, Sprecher S, Sönnerborg A, Leal M, Harrer T, Clotet B, Arendt V, Lissen E, Witvrouw M, Desmyter J, De Clercq E, Vandamme AM (1998). Multiple dideoxynucleoside analogue-resistant (MddNR) HIV-1 strains isolated from patients from different European countries. AIDS, 12 : 2007-2015. [abstract] [pdf]

Schols D, De Clercq E, Balzarini J, Baba M, Witvrouw M, Hosoya M, Andrei G, Snoeck R, Neyts J, Pauwels R, Nagy M, Györgyi-Edelényi J, Machovich R, Horváth I, Löw M, Görög S. Sulphated polymers are potent and selective inhibitors of various enveloped viruses, including herpes simplex virus, cytomegalovirus, vesicular stomatitis virus, respiratory syncytial virus, and toga-, arena- and retroviruses. Antiviral Chem. Chemother., 1 : 233-240 (1990). [no abstract] [pdf]

Schols D, De Clercq E, Witvrouw M, Nakashima H, Snoeck R, Pauwels R, Van Schepdael A, Claes P. Sulphated cyclodextrins are potent anti-HIV agents acting synergistically with 2',3'-dideoxy-nucleoside analogues. Antiviral Chem. Chemother, 2 : 45-53 (1991). [no abstract] [pdf]

Schols D, Pauwels R, Witvrouw M, Desmyter J, De Clercq E. Differential activity of polyanionic compounds and castanospermine against HIV replication and HIV-induced syncytium formation depending on virus strain and cell type. Antiviral Chem. Chemother., 3 : 23-29 (1992). [abstract on Web of Science] [no pdf]

Selvam P, Chandramohan M, De Clercq E, Witvrouw M, Pannecouque C (2001). Synthesis and anti-HIV activity of 4-[(1,2-dihydro-2-oxo-3H-indol-3-ylidene) amino]-N(4,6-dimethyl-2-pyrimidinyl)-benzene sulfonamide and its derivatives. Eur J Pharm Sci. 2001 Dec;14(4):313-6. [abstract] [pdf]

Song R, Witvrouw M, Schols D, Robert A, Balzarini J, De Clercq E, Bernadou J, Meunier B (1997). Anti-HIV activities of anionic metalloporphyrins and related compounds. Antiviral. Chem. Chemother 8 : 85-97. [no abstract - available on Web of Science] [pdf]

Stamatiou G, Foscolos GB, Fytas G, Kolocouris A, Kolocouris N, Pannecouque C, Witvrouw M, Padalko E, Neyts J, De Clercq E (2003). Heterocyclic rimantadine analogues with antiviral activity. Bioorg Med Chem. 2003 Dec 1;11(24):5485-92. [abstract] [pdf]

Swart PJ, Harmsen MC, Kuipers ME, Van Dijk AA, Van Der Strate BW, Van Berkel PH, Nuijens JH, Smit C, Witvrouw M, De Clercq E, de Bethune MP, Pauwels R, Meijer DK (1999). Charge modification of plasma and milk proteins results in antiviral active compounds. J Pept Sci. 1999 Dec;5(12):563-76. [abstract] [pdf]

Thormar H, Balzarini J, Debyser Z, Witvrouw M, Desmyter J, De Clercq E (1995). Inhibition of visna virus replication in sheep choroid plexus cell cultures by selected anti-HIV agents. Antiviral Research, 27 : 49-57. [abstract] [pdf]

Thormar H, Bergsson G, Gunnarsson E, Georgsson G, Witvrouw M, Steingrimsson O, De Clercq E, Kristmundsdottir T (1999). Hydrogels containing monocaprin have potent microbicidal activities against sexually transmitted viruses and bacteria in vitro. Sex Transm Infect. 1999 Jun;75(3):181-5. [abstract] [pdf]

Tintori C, Manetti F, Veljkovic N, Perovic V, Vercammen J, Hayes S, Massa S, Witvrouw M, Debyser Z, Veljkovic V, Botta M (2007). Novel Virtual screening protocol based on the combine use of molecular modelling and electron-ion intereaction potential techniques to design HIV-1 integrase inhibitors. J Chem Inf Model 47(4):1536-44 [abstract] [no pdf]

Tsotinis A, Vlachou M, Eleutheriades A, Garratt PJ, Ibbett AJ, Ng YF, Pannecouque C, Witvrouw M, De Clercq E (2005). Aromatic polycationic molecules with restricted conformations: An alternative approach to antiherpes agents  Let. Drug Design Discovery 2(5): 424-427 AUG 2005 [no Pubmed] [no pdf]

Van Gelder J, Witvrouw M, Pannecouque C, Henson G, Bridger G, Naesens L, De Clercq E, Annaert P, Shafiee M, Van den Mooter G, Kinget R, Augustijns P (1999). Evaluation of the potential of ion pair formation to improve the oral absorption of two potent antiviral compounds, AMD3100 and PMPA. Int J Pharm. 1999 Sep 20;186(2):127-36 [abstract] [pdf]

Van Laethem K, Schmit JC, Pelemans H, Balzarini J, Witvrouw M, Perez-Perez MJ, Camarasa MJ, Esnouf RM, Aquaro S, Cenci A, Perno CF, Hermans P, Sprecher S, Ruiz L, Clotet B, Van Wijngaerden E, Van Ranst M, Desmyter J, De Clercq E, Vandamme AM (2000). Presence of 2',5'-Bis-O-(tert-butyldimethylsilyl)-3'-spiro-5"-(4"-amino-1",2"-oxath iole-2",2"-dioxide) (TSAO)-resistant virus strains in TSAO-inexperienced HIV patients. AIDS Res Hum Retroviruses. 2000 Jun 10;16(9):825-33. [abstract] [pdf]

Van Laethem K, Van Vaerenbergh K, Schmit JC, Sprecher S, Hermans P, De Vroey V, Schuurman R, Harrer T, Witvrouw M, Van Wijngaerden E, Stuyver L, Van Ranst M, Desmyter J, De Clercq E, Vandamme AM (1999). Phenotypic assays and sequencing are less sensitive than point mutation assays for detection of resistance in mixed HIV-1 genotypic populations. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr. 1999 Oct 1;22(2):107-18. [abstract] [pdf]

Van Laethem K, Witvrouw M, Balzarini J, Schmit JC, Sprecher S, Hermans P, Leal M, Harrer T, Ruiz L, Clotet B, Van Ranst M, Desmyter J, De Clercq E, Vandamme AM (2000). Patient HIV-1 strains carrying the multiple nucleoside resistance mutations are cross-resistant to abacavir. AIDS. 2000 Mar 10;14(4):469-71. [no abstract] [no pdf]

Van Laethem K, Witvrouw M, Pannecouque C, Van Remoortel B, Schmit JC, Esnouf R, Kleim JP, Balzarini J, Desmyter J, De Clercq E, Vandamme AM (2001). Mutations in the non-nucleoside binding-pocket interfere with the multi-nucleoside resistance phenotype. AIDS. 2001 Mar 30;15(5):553-61. [abstract] [pdf]

Van Vaerenbergh K, Van Laethem K, Albert J, Boucher CA, Clotet B, Floridia M, Gerstoft J, Hejdeman B, Nielsen C, Pannecouque C, Perrin L, Pirillo MF, Ruiz L, Schmit JC, Schneider F, Schoolmeester A, Schuurman R, Stellbrink HJ, Stuyver L, Van Lunzen J, Van Remoortel B, Van Wijngaerden E, Vella S, Witvrouw M, Yerly S, De Clercq E, Destmyer J, Vandamme AM (2000). Prevalence and characteristics of multinucleoside-resistant human immunodeficiency virus type 1 among European patients receiving combinations of nucleoside analogues. Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 2000 Aug;44(8):2109-17. [abstract] [pdf]

Vandamme AM, Schmit J, Van Dooren S, Van Laethem K, Gobbers E, Kok W, Goubau P, Witvrouw M, Peetermans W, De Clercq E, Desmyter J. Quantification of HIV-1 RNA in plasma: Comparable results with the NASBA® HIV-1 RNA QT and the AMPLICOR® HIV monitor test. J. Acquir. Immune Defic. Syndr. Hum. Retrovirol., 13 : 127-139 (1996). [abstract] [no pdf]

Vandamme AM, Van Laethem K, Schmit JC, Van Wijngaerden E, Reynders M, Debyser Z, Witvrouw, M, Van Ranst M, De Clercq E, Desmyter J (1999). Long-term stability of HIV viral load and infectivity in whole blood. Eur. J. of Clinical Investigation 29, 445-452. [abstract] [pdf]

Vandekerckhove L, Christ F, Van Maele B, De Rijck J, Gijsbers R, Van den Haute C, Witvrouw M, Debyser Z. Transient and stable knockdown of the integrase cofactor LEDGF/p75 reveals its role in the replication cycle of human immunodeficiency virus. J Virol. 2006; 80(4):1886-96. [abstract] [pdf]

Vandevelde M, Witvrouw M, Schmit JC, Sprecher S, De Clercq E, Tassignon JP (1996). ADA, a potential anti-HIV drug. AIDS Res. Hum. Retroviruses, 12 : 567-568 (1996). [no abstract] [no pdf]

Varvaresou A, Iakovou K, Filippatos E, Souli C, Calogeropoulou T, Ioannidou I, Kourounakis AP, Pannecouque C, Witvrouw M, Padalko E, Neyts J, De Clercq E, Tsotinis A (2001). Synthesis, antiretroviral and antioxidant evaluation of a series of new benzo[b]furan derivatives. Arzneimittelforschung. 2001 Feb;51(2):156-62. [abstract] [pdf]

Vlieghe P, Bihel F, Clerc T, Pannecouque C, Witvrouw M, De Clercq E, Salles JP, Chermann JC, Kraus JL (2001). New 3'-azido-3'-deoxythymidin-5'-yl O-(omega-hydroxyalkyl) carbonate prodrugs: synthesis and anti-HIV evaluation. J Med Chem. 2001 Mar 1;44(5):777-86. [abstract] [pdf]

Vlieghe P, Clerc T, Pannecouque C, Witvrouw M, De Clercq E, Salles JP, Kraus JL (2002). Synthesis of new covalently bound kappa-carrageenan-AZT conjugates with improved anti-HIV activities. J Med Chem. 2002 Mar 14;45(6):1275-83. [abstract] [pdf]

Witvrouw M, Arranz ME, Pannecouque C, Declercq R, Jonckheere H, Schmit JC, Vandamme AM, Diaz JA, Desmyter J, Esnouf R, Van Meervelt L, Vega S, Balzarini J, De Clercq E (1998). 1,1,3-trioxo-2H,4H-thieno[3,4-e][1,2,4]thiadiazine derivatives : a new class non-nucleoside HIV-1 reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NNRTIs) with anti-HIV-1 activity. Antimicrob. Agents Chemother., 42 : 618-623 (1998). {4.0} [abstract] [pdf]

Witvrouw M, Baba M, Balzarini J, Pauwels R, De Clercq E. Establishment of a bioassay to determine serum levels of dextran sulfate and pentosan polysulfate, two potent inhibitors of human immunodeficiency virus. J. Acquir. Immun. Defic. Syndr., 3 : 343-347 (1990). [abstract] [pdf]

Witvrouw M, Balzarini J, Pannecouque C, Jhaumeer-Laulloo S, Esté J, Schols, D, Cherepanov P, Schmit JC, Debyser Z, Vandamme AM, Desmyter J, Ramadas R, De Cercq E (1997). SRR-SB3, a disulfide-containing macrolide that inhibits a late stage of the replicative cycle of human immunodeficiency virus. Antimicrob. Agents Chemother., 41 : 262-268. [abstract] [pdf]

Witvrouw M, Daelemans D, Pannecouque C, Neyts J, Andrei G, Snoeck R, Vandamme AM, Balzarini J, Desmyter J, Baba M, De Clercq E (1998). Broad-spectrum antiviral activity of the piperazinylquinolone derivative K-12 and its mechanism of action. Antiviral. Chem. Chemother., 9 : 403-411 (1998). [abstract] [pdf]

Witvrouw M, De Clercq E (1997). Review: Sulfated polysaccharides extracted from sea algae as potential antiviral drugs. Gen Pharmac, 29 : 497-511. [abstract] [pdf]

Witvrouw M, Desmyter J, De Clercq E. Antiviral portrait series: 4. Polysulfates as inhibitors of HIV and other enveloped viruses. Antiviral Chem. Chemother., 5 : 345-359 (1994). [abstract on Web of Science] [pdf]

Witvrouw M, Este JA, Mateu MQ, Reymen D, Andrei G, Snoeck R, Ikeda S, Pauwels R, Bianchini NV, Desmyter J, De Clercq E. Activity of a sulfated polysaccharide extracted from the red seaweed Aghardhiella tenera against human immunodeficiency virus and other enveloped viruses. Antiviral Chem. Chemother., 5: 297-303 (1994). [abstract on Web of Science] [pdf]

Witvrouw M, Fikkert V, Hantson A, Pannecouque C, O'keefe BR, McMahon J, Stamatatos L, de Clercq E, Bolmstedt A (2005). Resistance of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 to the high-mannose binding agents cyanovirin N and concanavalin A.
J Virol. 79(12):7777-84. [abstract] [pdf]

Witvrouw M, Fikkert V, Pluymers W, Matthews B, Mardel K, Schols D, Raff J, Debyser Z, De Clercq E, Holan G, Pannecouque C. Polyanionic (i.e., polysulfonate) dendrimers can inhibit the replication of human immunodeficiency virus by interfering with both virus adsorption and later steps (reverse transcriptase/integrase) in the virus replicative cycle. Mol. Pharmacol. 58, 1100-1108. {5.3} [abstract] [pdf]

Witvrouw M, Fikkert V, Vercammen J, Van Maele B, Engelborghs Y, Debyzer Z (2005). Identification of Authentic Inhibitors of HIV integration. Curr. Med. Chem. Anti-infective agents, 4: 153-165. [no link to pubmed] [pdf]

Witvrouw M, Pannecouque C, De Clercq E, Fernandez-Alvarez E, Marco JL (1999). Activity of non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors against HIV-2 and SIV. AIDS. 1999 Aug 20;13(12):1477-83. [abstract] [pdf]

Witvrouw M, Pannecouque C, Desmyter J, De Clercq E, Andries K (2000). In vitro evaluation of the effect of temporary removal of HIV drug pressure. Antiviral Res. 2000 Jun;46(3):215-21. [abstract] [pdf]

Witvrouw M, Pannecouque C, Fikkert V, Hantson A, Van Reemortel B, Hezareh M, De Clerck E, Brown SJ (2003). Potent and Selective inhibition of HIV and SIV by prostratin interacting with viral entry. Antivir Chem Chemother 14:321-328. [abstract] [pdf]

Witvrouw M, Pannecouque C, Switzer WM, Folks TM, De Clercq E, Heneine W (2004). Susceptibility of HIV-2, SIV and SHIV to various anti-HIV-1 compounds: implications for treatment and postexposure prophylaxis. Antivir Ther. 2004 Feb ;9 (1):57-65. [abstract] [pdf]

Witvrouw M, Pannecouque C, Van Laethem K, Desmyter J, De Clercq E, Vandamme AM (1999). Activity of non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors against HIV-2 and SIV. AIDS. 1999 Aug 20;13(12):1477-83. [abstract] [pdf]

Witvrouw M, Pauwels R, Vandamme AM, Schols D, Reymen D, Yamamoto N, Desmyter J, De Clercq E. Cell type-specific anti-human immunodeficiency virus type 1 activity of the transactivation inhibitor Ro5-3335. Antimicrob. Agents Chemother., 36 : 2628-2633 (1992). [abstract] [pdf]

Witvrouw M, Schmit JC, Van Remoortel B, Daelemans D, Esté J, Vandamme AM, Desmyter J, De Clercq E (1997). Cell type-dependent effect of sodium valproate on human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) type 1 replication in vitro. AIDS Res. Hum. Retroviruses, 13 : 187-192 (1997). [abstract] [pdf]

Witvrouw M, Schols D, Andrei G, Snoeck R, Hosoya M, Pauwels R, Balzarini J, De Clercq E. Antiviral activity of low-MW dextran sulphate (derived from dextran MW 1000) compared to dextran sulphate samples of higher MW. Antiviral Chem. Chemother., 2 : 171-179 (1991). [no abstract] [pdf]

Witvrouw M, Schols D, Andrei G, Snoeck R, Ikeda S, Pauwels R, Van Schepdael A, Arnout J, Claes P, Desmyter J, De Clercq E. New polyacetal polysulphate active against human immunodeficiency virus and other enveloped viruses. Antiviral Chem. Chemother 3 : 351-360 (1992). [abstract on Web of Science] [pdf]

Witvrouw M, Seifert JM, Henson GW, Martellucci SA, Desmyter J, De Clercq E (1996). Pharmacokinetics of the anti-HIV bicyclam SID791 (JM3100) in rabbits, as determined by both analytical and bioassay methods. Antiviral. Chem. Chemother., 7 : 27-30. [no abstract] [pdf]

Witvrouw M, Van Maele B, Vercammen J, Hantson A, Engelborghs Y, De Clercq E, Pannecouque C,Debyser Z (2004). Novel inhibitors of HIV-1 integration. Curr Drug Metab. 2004 Aug;5(4):291-304. [abstract] [pdf]

Witvrouw M, Weigold H, Pannecouque C, Schols D, De Clercq E, Holan G (2000). Potent anti-HIV (type 1 and type 2) activity of polyoxometalates: structure-activity relationship and mechanism of action. J Med Chem. 2000 Mar 9;43(5):778-83. [abstract] [pdf]

Wu J, Liu X, Cheng X, Cao Y, Wang D, Li Z, Xu W, Pannecouque C, Witvrouw M, De Clercq E. Synthesis of novel derivatives of 4-amino-3-(2-furyl)-5-mercapto-1,2,4-triazole as potential HIV-1 NNRTIs. Molecules 12(8):2003-16. [abstract] [no pdf]

Yan RZ, Liu XY, Xu WF, Pannecouque C, Witvrouw M, De Clercq E. Synthesis and anti-HIV evaluation of the novel 2-(m-chlorobenzyl)-4-substituted-7-methyl-1, 1, 3-trioxo-pyrazolo[4, 5-e] [1, 2, 4]thiadiazines. [abstract] [no-pdf]