Antiviral resistance tests available
Phenotyping and/or genotyping tests are available for human cytomegalovirus (CMV), herpes simplex type 1 (HSV-1), and type 2 (HSV-2), varicella-zoster virus, and human herpesvirus 6 (HHV-6).
|
Genotyping |
Phenotyping |
|---|---|---|
CMV |
PCR/DNA sequencing of two genes: UL97 (protein kinase) and UL54 (DNA polymerase) |
Drug-susceptibility profile in human embryonic lung (HEL) fibroblasts, including four antiviral agents (i.e. ganciclovir, cidofovir, foscavir, and adefovir). |
HSV-1 and HSV-2 |
PCR/DNA sequencing of two genes: UL23 (thymidine kinase) and UL30 (DNA polymerase) |
Drug-susceptibility profile in human embryonic lung (HEL) fibroblasts, including five antiviral agents (i.e. acyclovir, ganciclovir, brivudin, cidofovir, and foscavir). |
VZV |
PCR/DNA sequencing of two genes: ORF36 (thymidine kinase) and ORF28 (DNA polymerase) |
Drug-susceptibility profile in human embryonic lung (HEL) fibroblasts, including five antiviral agents (i.e. acyclovir, ganciclovir, brivudin, cidofovir, and foscavir). |
HHV-6 |
PCR/DNA sequencing of two genes: U69 (protein kinase) and U38 (DNA polymerase) |
Drug-susceptibility profile in Molt3 cells, including three antiviral agents (i.e. ganciclovir, cidofovir and foscavir). |
- CMV genotyping will be performed initially, and the sequencing of the UL97 gene will be done first, followed by sequencing of the UL54 gene. Only if the virus grows at relatively high titres in vitro, the phenotyping will be done.
- HSV phenotyping will be performed first, unless the amount of sample (such as in the case of CSF or vitreous fluid samples) is too low to isolate and grow the virus. If the phenotyping is indicative of drug resistance, then the genotyping will be performed.
- VZV genotyping will be performed first. The sequencing of the ORF36 gene will be done initially, followed by sequencing of the ORF28 gene. If the virus grows at relatively high titers in vitro, the phenotyping will be also determined.
- HHV-6 genotyping will be performed prior to phenotyping, and the sequencing of the U69 gene will be done first, followed by sequencing of the U38 gene. Only if the virus grows at relatively high titers in vitro, the phenotyping will be done.
